Breast shield

ABSTRACT

A method for operating a breastpump unit for expression of human breastmilk and various breast shields for use in this method allow a maximum pumping performance and a minimum pumping duration per pumping session. The breast shield has an inner chamber for receiving a nipple (W) of the breast and also at least one outer chamber which at least partially surrounds the nipple. The inner chamber is subjected to a constant pressure and the at least one outer chamber is subjected to a pulsating pressure.

CROSS-REFERENCE TO RELATED APPLICATION

This is a continuation of U.S. patent application Ser. No. 16/329,841,the US national phase of International Application No.PCT/EP2016/070742, filed Sep. 2, 2016, the entirety of which is herebyincorporated by reference.

TECHNICAL FIELD

The present invention relates to a breast shield for expression of humanbreastmilk.

PRIOR ART

Manually operated and motor-driven breastpump units for expression ofhuman breastmilk are known. They have a breast shield or two breastshields for sealing application to the breast. This at least one breastshield is connected to a manually operated or motor-driven breastpumpdirectly or via a suction line. By means of the breastpump, a cyclicallychanging vacuum is generated which is transmitted to the breast shieldin order to pump milk out of the breast.

Breastpump units are intended to allow the breastmilk to be pumped outin a manner which is as close to the natural suckling of a baby aspossible. In this case, special pumping sequences having a varyingnegative pressure and pumping frequency are used. In addition, breastshields are provided in very different embodiments which are intended toensure comfortable fitting on the breast thanks to soft inserts, knownas liners. Also known are breast shields which are intended to stimulatethe breast by massage.

Conventional breast shields have a funnel for sealing application andfor receiving the breast. The funnel ends in a tubular extension whichis able to be connected via an adapter both to the breastpump directlyor via a suction line and to a milk collection container. In use, thenipple projects into this extension and is pulled into the extensionupon application of the cyclically varying negative pressure. Theextension should in this case be large enough that it does not impedethe movement of the nipple.

In order that the vacuum applied can be used as optimally as possible,attempts are made to keep the volume to be evacuated as small aspossible. Attempts are thus made to minimize the dead volume.

U.S. Pat. No. 4,607,596 discloses a device, the basic principle of whichis intended to be able to be used in a milking apparatus for livestockand also for expression of human breastmilk. The associated breastshield has a rigid main body with a flexible insert. There are twochambers which are able to be subjected to a pulsating negativepressure, wherein the negative pressure is generated by one and the samebreastpump. The first chamber is formed by the interior space in whichthe breast is received. The second chamber is located between theflexible insert and the main body.

In U.S. Pat. No. 7,988,661 B2, the breast shield likewise has twochambers, wherein these are able to be subjected to different pressuresthat are independent of one another. In particular a negative pressureand a positive pressure can be applied. That publication shows amultiplicity of different breast shields. FIGS. 16A and 16 show a breastshield with three chambers which are intended to simulate suckling by ababy. The nipple is in this case pulled lengthwise upon application ofthe negative pressure. The three chambers can be subjected to pressureindependently of one another, such that a rotational movement about thelongitudinal axis of the breast shield can also be simulated. In theembodiment according to FIG. 17 , the flexible insert has inwardlydirected ribs in a hollow-cylindrical region which massage and stimulatethe nipple and the adjoining tissue of the breast. In the embodimentsaccording to FIGS. 18 and 19 , the chambers form indentations toward thenipple in order to thus massage the latter.

WO 2014/094186 A2 describes a breast shield unit having a flexibleinsert for receiving the breast and the nipple and also having aseparate media separating diaphragm for protecting the vacuum source.The media separating diaphragm moves such that it does not come intocontact with the nipple and thus does not impede the movement of thenipple.

WO 2014/063261 A1 discloses a breast shield having a flexible insertwhich simultaneously serves as a media separating diaphragm. Saidflexible insert is held in a twisted manner in a hollow-cylindricalreceptacle and receives the nipple. Upon application of a negativepressure between the receptacle and insert, the insert enlarges its milkaperture.

WO 2011/037841 A2 shows a breast shield which has an inflatable pad inthe transition between the funnel and the tubular extension.

U.S. Pat. No. 9,248,223 B2 describes a breast shield having a softinsert which exerts a peristaltic pressure on the nipple by means ofnegative pressure in order to express milk.

WO 2016/007561 A1 shows a breast shield insert which is provided withgrooves in the region of the nipple in order to increase the surfacearea.

US 2016/0058928 A1 discloses a breast shield which is intended tocorrespond to the mouth of a baby. The nipple is received in a flexiblebreast shield part which can collapse asymmetrically in order to imitatethe mouth movements of the baby. The negative pressure is conducted tothe breast shield via the milk collection container.

Although those relatively recent breast shields show solution attemptsthat are good in part in order to approach natural suckling, optimalimitation of the nature and thus the optimal shape and pressurization ofa breast shield have not yet been found.

SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION

Therefore, it is an object of the invention to create an alternativemethod for operating a breastpump unit and also an alternative breastshield, which allow a maximum pumping performance and also a minimumpumping duration per pumping session.

This object is achieved by a method for operating a breastpump unit forexpression of human breastmilk, wherein the breastpump unit has a vacuumpump for generating pressures and at least one breast shield for sealingapplication to a breast to be pumped. The breast shield has an innerchamber for receiving a nipple of the breast and also at least one outerchamber which at least partially surrounds the nipple. According to theinvention, a first pressure is applied to the inner chamber by thevacuum pump and at least one second pressure is applied to the at leastone outer chamber by the vacuum pump. An approximately temporallyconstant pressure is used as the first pressure and a pulsating pressureis used as the at least one second pressure. Alternatively, a pulsatingpressure is used as the first pressure and an approximately temporallyconstant pressure is used as the at least one second pressure.

The approximately temporally constant pressure is a pressure whicheither remains constant over the entire period of the pumping operationor changes temporally more slowly by a multiple compared with the secondpulsating pressure.

A “pulsating pressure” is understood to mean a varying pressure whichvaries preferably cyclically. Preferably, the pressure varies uniformly,i.e. sinusoidally. However, it can also vary nonuniformly within a cycleand/or there can be regular or irregular pauses between the cycles.

In the prior art, a pulsating, i.e. varying pressure, is applied in thebreast shield cavity, in which the nipple is received, said pulsatingpressure being intended to simulate the suckling action of an infant. Asa result of the pressure applied, the nipple is stretched and pulledlengthwise during pumping. By contrast, the nipple is not or is scarcelystretched when the method according to the invention, referred to asfirst method below, is applied. Conversely, as a result of theapplication of the outer, varying pressure, the natural milk ductsextending in the nipple are kept open, opened regularly and/oradditionally widened radially, such that the milk can flow out in anunimpeded manner.

The constant negative pressure applied in the breast shield cavity, i.e.directly at the nipple, scarcely influences the shape of the nipple andserves predominantly to maintain the position of the breast shield andto discharge the pumped out human milk.

Preferably, the values of the first pressure and of the at least onesecond pressure are in a range in which the nipple of the breast remainssubstantially unchanged in terms of length.

The first method according to the invention thus allows a maximumpumping performance. Since the diameter of the milk ducts in the nippleis maximized, a minimum pumping duration per pumping session isadditionally possible.

In a preferred variant of the first method, the breast shield has aflexible inner part, known as a liner. This flexible inner partsubdivides the breast shield into the inner chamber and into the atleast one outer chamber. The flexible inner part is subjected to thefirst pressure from the inside and to the at least one second pressurefrom the outside.

Preferably, in order to position the breast shield on the breast, thefirst pressure is applied in the first chamber in a first step, in orderthat the flexible inner part is pulled inward into contact with thenipple, and the at least one second pressure is applied in a furtherstep. The dead volume is minimized as a result. The nipple is massagedand the outer, varying pressure can be applied optimally to the nipple.

In an alternative variant, in order to position the breast shield on thebreast, at least one third pressure is applied in the at least onesecond chamber in a first step, wherein the third pressure is temporallyconstant, wherein the flexible inner part is pulled outward by thisthird pressure in order to form an interior space for the purpose ofreceiving the nipple, wherein the first and the at least one secondpressure are applied in a further step in order to express milk. As aresult, the tissue of the nipple is protected optimally when it isplaced inside the breast shield and the flexible inner part cansubsequently fit closely on the nipple around the entire circumference.

Preferably, a negative pressure is used as the first pressure and anegative pressure and/or a positive pressure is used as the at least onesecond pressure. Since the second pressure is a varying negativepressure which changes at times into a positive pressure, there is awide range of possibilities for activating and massaging the nipple.

Preferably, the first pressure and the at least one second pressure areused independently of one another. This, too, increases the range ofabovementioned possibilities.

Preferably, the first pressure and the at least one second pressure areapplied in dependence on one another as stipulated by a control unit.

There can be exactly one second chamber. This type of breast shield canbe produced easily and cost-effectively. In another embodiment, thereare at least two second chambers, which each have a second pressureapplied to them independently of one another. Preferably, in this case,the ratio of the at least two second pressures relative to one anotheris varied over time. This allows massaging of the nipple that is asnear-natural as possible during pumping, i.e. the nipple is acted uponin a similar manner to the situation in the mouth of the infant.

The abovementioned object of the invention is also achieved according tothe invention by a method for operating a breastpump unit for expressionof human breastmilk, wherein the breastpump unit has a vacuum pump forgenerating pressures and at least one breast shield for sealingapplication to a breast to be pumped. The breast shield has a flexibleinner part having an inner chamber for receiving a nipple of the breastand at least one outer chamber which at least partially surrounds thenipple. A first pressure is applied to the inner chamber by the vacuumpump and at least one second pressure is applied to the at least oneouter chamber by the vacuum pump. The flexible inner part is pressurizedsuch that the latter fits on the nipple in an annular manner in a firstposition and such that it frees the nipple in the radial direction in asecond position.

This method, referred to as second method below, likewise allows thebreastmilk to be pumped out without the nipple being pulled lengthwiseand without the diameter of the natural milk ducts decreasing. Dependingon the type of pressurization, an increase in the clear width of thenatural milk ducts can also be achieved.

In the prior art, the nipple is received in the breast shield in acontact-free manner. The breast shield usually fits only on theadjoining breast tissue. These breast shields massage the tissue of thebreast. In the second method according to the invention, by contrast,the nipple is contacted, preferably tightly enclosed, and, depending onthe variant of the second method, massaged. Preferably, only the nippleor at most a part or all of the areola is contacted.

In a preferred variant of the second method according to the invention,the first pressure pulsates and the at least one second pressure isconstant. In another variant, this is reversed.

The method according to the invention, in particular the above-describedfirst method, can be used optimally for example with breastpump unitsand breast shields described in the following text. The breastpump unitsand breast shields described in the following text can also be operatedwith other methods, however.

A first breastpump unit according to the invention for expression ofhuman breastmilk has a vacuum pump for generating pressures and at leastone breast shield for sealing application to a breast to be pumped. Thebreast shield has an inner chamber for receiving a nipple of the breastand also at least one outer chamber which at least partially surroundsthe nipple. The inner chamber is configured to be subjected to a firstpressure by the vacuum pump and the at least one outer chamber isconfigured to be subjected to at least one second pressure by the vacuumpump. In this case, the first pressure is an approximately temporallyconstant pressure and the at least one second pressure is a pulsatingpressure.

The breast shield of this first breastpump unit preferably has aflexible inner part which subdivides the breast shield into the innerchamber and the at least one outer chamber. The flexible inner part isable to be subjected to the first pressure from the inside and to the atleast one second pressure from the outside. Such flexible inner partsare often known as liners. The liner can be held releasably in a rigidor semirigid breast shield body or can be produced together therewithand not be releasable therefrom nondestructively.

This first breastpump unit preferably has at least one sensor todetermine the position of the nipple during the pumping operation. Thismakes it possible to determine whether and optionally how much thenipple is stretched or compressed by the applied pressures. Preferably,the controller is configured to vary the first pressure and/or the atleast one second pressure in accordance with this determined position ofthe nipple. As a result, the breastpump can be adapted individually tothe requirements of the mother. As a result, it is possible for anymother to pump without her nipple being stretched too much or the milkducts of the nipple being reduced in size too much. The at least onesensor can additionally or alternatively be used to determine theposition with regard to the longitudinal axis of the breast shield atwhich the inner chamber collapses or the flexible inner part closes thechamber.

Various embodiments of breast shields are mentioned in the followingtext, which can be used in particular in the abovementioned methods andin the breastpump units described in this text. These breast shieldseach have an application region for sealing application to the humanbreast and an inner chamber for receiving a nipple of the breast.

A first of these breast shields according to the invention has at leastone outer chamber which at least partially surrounds the nipple. Theinner chamber is configured to be subjected to a first pressure by thevacuum pump and the at least one outer chamber is configured to besubjected to at least one second pressure by the vacuum pump. The firstpressure is an approximately temporally constant pressure and the atleast one second pressure is a pulsating pressure.

Since the breast shield only has to enclose the nipple, it can beconfigured in a relatively small manner. It can also be used in aconcealed and discreet manner under clothing in a hands-free solution.In addition, the dead volume is minimized and so the breastpump unitgenerating the two pressures can also be configured in a correspondinglysmall manner. This minimizes the costs and optimizes the performance.

This first breast shield preferably has a flexible inner part whichsubdivides the breast shield into the inner chamber and the at least oneouter chamber. The flexible inner part is able to be subjected to thefirst pressure from the inside and to the at least one second pressurefrom the outside. Preferably, the flexible inner part is a flexibleinsert which is connected fixedly or releasably to a breast shield body.The flexible inner part simplifies the production of the breast shield.In addition, it allows sealing application to the nipple and comfortableand effective massage and optimal stimulation of the nipple.

In a second of these breast shields according to the invention, theinner chamber is configured in a conical manner over the entirereceiving region. The conical configuration prevents the nipple frombeing pulled too greatly lengthwise by the applied negative pressure andthus prevents the diameter of the natural milk ducts from being reduced.In addition, the conical shape allows optimal fitted enclosure of thenipple along the entire length of the nipple.

The inner chamber of this second breast shield has an inner wall which,in addition to the conical shape or as an alternative to this conicalshape, is equipped with retaining means for retaining the nipple duringthe pumping operation. These retaining means prevent the nipple frombeing pulled lengthwise during pumping.

A third of these breast shields according to the invention is providedwith at least one sensor for determining the position of the nippleduring the pumping operation. As already mentioned above, the pressurescan be set in accordance with this measured signal such that the changein length of the nipple is optimized. In particular, the change isminimized.

The inner chamber of a fourth of these breast shields according to theinvention has a longitudinal axis. The inner chamber collapses inaccordance with an applied pressure. The breast shield is provided withat least one sensor for determining the position at which the innerchamber collapses. This collapsing likewise holds back the nipple andthus prevents undesired stretching thereof. Thanks to the sensor, it ispossible to determine whether the inner chamber collapses at the desiredpoint. If not, the applied pressure or applied pressures can be variedand/or the position of the breast shield on the nipple can be corrected.

The application region of a fifth of the breast shields according to theinvention ends in an encircling, soft and sealing pad on the breastside. The pad preferably has an encircling inflatable cavity. This padallows pressure-free and yet sealed fitting on the nipple or the areola.This is comfortable for the mother in the event of sensitive or alreadyinflamed breasts. In addition, the breast shield does not create anykink on the breast even if the breast shield is pressed on too stronglyby the mother. The flow of milk is not impaired or influenced.

A sixth of the breast shields according to the invention has anencircling receiving pocket on the breast side for collecting breastmilkdrops when the breast shield is removed. Thus, when the breast shield isremoved from the breast, no drops can be lost. All of the breastmilk tothe very last drop can be used. This is important in particular forpremature infants when the mother can initially scarcely produce milkherself.

Preferably, this sixth breast shield has a flexible inner part whichforms the application region for sealing application to the human breastand an inner chamber for receiving a nipple of the breast, wherein theencircling pocket is formed in the flexible inner part. Preferably, theflexible inner part is able to be everted such that the collected milkdrops can be removed more easily from the breast shield.

A seventh of the breast shields according to the invention has an outerbreast shield body and a flexible inner part, wherein the flexible innerpart forms the application region for sealing application to the humanbreast. The flexible inner part subdivides the breast shield into theinner chamber for receiving a nipple of the breast and into at least oneouter chamber which at least partially surrounds the nipple. The innerchamber is configured to be subjected to a first pressure by the vacuumpump and the at least one outer chamber is configured to be subjected toat least one second pressure by the vacuum pump. The flexible inner partis configured in one piece. The breast shield has a further chamber inthe form of a cavity which is subdivided by the at least one outerchamber in that a fixed or releasable connection between the flexibleinner part and the outer breast shield body forms an encirclingpartition wall. The cavity is arranged in the application region of thebreast shield. As a result, an inflatable pad can be created in order toposition the breast shield optimally on the nipple. The same subdivisionprinciple can also be used to create more than one outer chamber whichcan be subjected to different pressures in order in this way to massageand stimulate the nipple differently at different points.

An eighth of the breast shields according to the invention defines alongitudinal axis. The inner chamber is bounded by an outer region whichis formed in an asymmetrical manner. At least one subregion of the outerregion has an outer chamber, the inner side of which is able to besubjected to a pressure. Preferably, a subregion of the outer region hasa variable rigidity and/or hardness, for example by way of a rigidsetting element. This breast shield imitates the mouth of an infant withpalate and tongue.

A second breast shield unit according to the invention of a breastpumpunit for expression of human breastmilk has a vacuum pump for generatingpressures. The breast shield unit comprises a breast shield having aninterior space for receiving a nipple and a flexible milk collectioncontainer. The interior space has a first opening for receiving thenipple and, as the only other opening, a connecting opening to the milkcollection container, wherein the breast shield is connected to the milkcollection container in an airtight manner via this opening. Means areprovided which cyclically enlarge the interior space for the purpose ofgenerating a negative pressure in the interior space for expression ofthe breastmilk. This second breast shield unit can be a development ofthe above-described first breast shield unit. This breast shield unitminimizes the contact of the milk with the ambient air, and socontamination of the milk can be largely avoided. This is important inparticular in the field of neonatology.

The means of this second breast shield unit are preferably flexibletongues and lines that actuate the flexible tongues. Such a breastshield unit can be produced cost-effectively and easily. It is alsorelatively easy to use. It can in turn be used optimally in the field ofneonatology.

A ninth of the breast shields according to the invention has a fan whichblows air in the direction of the breast. This air blown onto the breastimitates the breathing of the baby and thus promotes the production ofmilk by the mother.

The features of all of the abovementioned breast shields can optionallybe combined with one another in order to create further breast shieldswithin the meaning of the invention.

Further embodiments are specified in the dependent claims.

BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

Preferred embodiments of the invention are described in the followingtext with reference to the drawings, which serve merely for illustrationand should not be interpreted in a limiting manner. In the drawings:

FIG. 1 shows a schematic illustration of a human breast with possibleshapes of the nipple;

FIG. 2 a shows a schematic illustration of a breast shield according tothe invention in a first embodiment before a pressure is applied;

FIG. 2 b shows the breast shield according to FIG. 2 a with pressure,for example vacuum, applied in an inner chamber;

FIG. 2 c shows the breast shield according to FIG. 2 a with pressuresapplied in the inner chamber and in an outer chamber;

FIG. 3 a shows a schematic illustration of a breast shield according tothe invention in a second embodiment with sensors, in a startingposition;

FIG. 3 b shows the breast shield according to FIG. 3 a with pressureapplied in an inner chamber;

FIG. 4 a shows a schematic illustration of a breast shield according tothe invention in a fourth embodiment before it is fitted on the breast;

FIG. 4 b shows the breast shield according to FIG. 4 a while it is beingfitted on the breast;

FIG. 4 c shows the breast shield according to FIG. 4 a with pressureapplied in an inner chamber;

FIG. 4 d shows the breast shield according to FIG. 4 a with pressuresapplied in the inner chamber and in an outer chamber;

FIG. 5 a shows a schematic illustration of a breast shield according tothe invention in a fourth embodiment while it is being fitted on thebreast;

FIG. 5 b shows the breast shield according to FIG. 5 a with the coverremoved;

FIG. 6 a shows a schematic illustration of a breast shield according tothe invention in a fifth embodiment before it is fitted on the breast;

FIG. 6 b shows the breast shield according to FIG. 6 a in the fullyopened state after it has been fitted on the breast;

FIG. 6 c shows the breast shield according to FIG. 6 a in the closedstate after it has been fitted on the breast;

FIG. 6 d shows the breast shield according to FIG. 6 a during theexpression of breastmilk;

FIG. 7 a shows a schematic illustration of a breast shield according tothe invention in a sixth embodiment before it is fitted on the breast;

FIG. 7 b shows the breast shield according to FIG. 7 a while it is beingfitted on the breast;

FIG. 7 c shows the breast shield according to FIG. 7 a after it has beenfitted on the breast;

FIG. 7 d shows the breast shield according to FIG. 7 a during theexpression of breastmilk;

FIG. 8 a shows a schematic illustration of a breast shield according tothe invention in a seventh embodiment before it is fitted on the breast;

FIG. 8 b shows the breast shield according to FIG. 8 a while it is beingfitted on the breast;

FIG. 8 c shows the breast shield according to FIG. 8 a during theexpression of breastmilk in a first situation;

FIG. 8 d shows the breast shield according to FIG. 8 a during theexpression of breastmilk in a second situation;

FIG. 8 e shows a cross section through the breast shield according toFIG. 8 a;

FIG. 8 f shows a perspective schematic illustration of a setting elementof the breast shield according to FIG. 8 a;

FIG. 9 shows a schematic illustration of the forces that act on a nippleduring pumping as seen from the front in the direction of the breast;

FIG. 10 a shows a perspective schematic illustration of a breastpumpunit according to the invention having a breast shield and milkcollection container in an eighth embodiment;

FIG. 10 b shows a perspective schematic illustration of a part of thebreast shield according to FIG. 10 a;

FIG. 10 c shows a schematic cross section through the breast shieldhaving a milk collection container according to FIG. 10 a before use;

FIG. 10 d shows a schematic cross section through the breastpump unitaccording to FIG. 10 a before use;

FIG. 10 e shows the breastpump unit according to FIG. 10 d duringpumping in a first position;

FIG. 10 f shows the breastpump unit according to FIG. 10 d duringpumping in a second position;

FIG. 10 g shows a variant of the breastpump unit according to FIG. 10 d;

FIG. 11 shows a perspective schematic illustration of a breast shieldaccording to the invention having a milk collection container in a ninthembodiment;

FIG. 12 a shows a schematic illustration of a breast shield according tothe invention having a milk collection container in a tenth embodiment;and

FIG. 12 b shows a variant of the breast shield according to FIG. 12 a ;and

FIG. 13 shows a schematic illustration of a breastpump unit according tothe invention.

Identical or similar elements are provided with the same referencesigns.

DESCRIPTION OF PREFERRED EMBODIMENTS

FIG. 1 shows a schematic illustration of a human breast B with a nippleW_(N) of average size, a small nipple W_(K) and a large nipple W_(G).The diameter of the nipples of different mothers lies in a range fromabout 10 mm to about 24 mm, with an average value of about 16 mm. Thelength of the nipple without external influence varies from mother tomother from about 3 mm to about 20 mm, with an average value of about 7mm.

The breast shields in the prior art did not normally contact thenipples, and so the variance in the nipples of different mothers couldremain disregarded. However, the breast shields according to theinvention are preferably fitted on the nipples and are intended tostimulate the latter by fitting closely on and radially releasing themin order to extract milk. Preferably, the breast shields even fit onlyon the nipple or only additionally on the areola, but not on thesurrounding breast tissue of the breast. The breast shields described inthe following text can preferably be used for the entire abovementionedrange of possible nipples, either in that they are themselves offered ina corresponding manner in different sizes or, more preferably, in thatthey adapt to the shape and size of the particular nipple by way oftheir shape and, if present, their flexible inner part.

FIGS. 2 a to 2 c illustrate a first embodiment of a breast shieldaccording to the invention. It has a rigid or semirigid breast shieldbody 1 which is produced preferably from plastics material. In thisexample, the breast shield body 1 is designed in two parts. It has abase 10 and a cover 11.

The cover 11 has a first vacuum connection 2 for connecting to a vacuumpump. The vacuum pump has at least one vacuum unit for generating anegative pressure. The vacuum pump is illustrated in FIG. 13 and isdescribed later on in this text.

The base 10 is formed in a substantially frustoconical manner in thisexample. It can also have some other shape; for example, it can beconfigured in a hollow-cylindrical manner. In this example, it has abreast-side fastening flange and a pump-side fastening flange. Providedon the base 10 is a second vacuum connection 3 which allows a connectionto preferably one and the same pumping unit or to another pumping unitof the vacuum pump.

The base 10 and the cover 11 enclose a cavity which is subdivided intoan inner chamber 5 and an outer chamber 6 by a flexible inner part 4,also known as a liner.

The inner chamber 5 has a breast-side opening through which the nipple Wis introduced into the breast shield during use. On the pump side, thefirst vacuum connection 2 ends in the inner chamber 5 and thus connectsthe latter to the vacuum pump. The inner chamber 5 preferably has onlythese two openings. In other embodiments, the inner chamber 5 also has amilk connection.

The outer chamber 6 is preferably formed in a completely closed mannerapart from the second vacuum connection 3. The walls of the outerchamber 6 are preferably formed by the rigid or semirigid breast shieldbody 1 and the flexible insert element 4.

The flexible inner part 4 is fitted over the base 10 and is held in thisposition thereby. It can also be molded on. Preferably, it consists of asoft plastics material, preferably of silicone. If it is a loose part,it is preferably held in a clamped manner by means of the cover 11.

The flexible inner part 4 has a main body 40, an encircling applicationregion 41 and an encircling fastening flange 42. The fastening flange 42is clamped between the cover 11 and base 10. By way of the applicationregion 41, the breast shield is applied to or fitted on the nipple Wand/or the areola surrounding the latter in a sealing manner, when it isused as intended. The application region 41 is in this example theunderside of the thickened flange which is fitted over the base 10. As aresult, although it is soft on the breast side, it is stabilized on itsrear side by the base 10, such that the mother can exert sufficientpressure force for fitting in a sealing manner by hand or by way of ahands-free bra. The thickened region is configured for example as anencircling hollow or solid pad.

The main body 40 can move relative to the longitudinal center axis L ofthe breast shield between these two flanges, as is apparent from viewingFIGS. 2 a, 2 b and 2 c together.

The main body 40 can be embodied in a smooth-walled manner. In thisembodiment, it has retaining elements 43 for the nipple W. The nipple Wcan also not stretch too much when negative pressure is applied in theinner chamber 5, since its extent is limited by the retaining elements43.

Preferably, the retaining elements 43 are formed by encircling ribswhich extend along at least a part of the length of the main body. Theribs preferably face toward the breast side. However, they can alsoproject radially inward toward the longitudinal center axis L of thebreast shield. Preferably, the ribs narrow toward their free end.However, they can also have some other shape, for example have roundedfree ends. The ribs are preferably configured in a relatively softmanner in order not to irritate or even to injure the nipple W. However,they are preferably rigid enough to prevent excess lengthening of thenipple W during the expression of the milk. Instead of ribs, it is alsopossible to use other types of retaining elements 43, for example bysuitably choosing a material of an inherently smooth inner wall of themain body 40, i.e. by choosing a material with a sufficiently largecoefficient of friction.

In the situation according to FIG. 2 a , the breast shield has beenplaced on the nipple W and surrounds the latter in a sealing manner. Avacuum has not yet been applied. The main body 40 of the flexible innerpart 4 is at a distance from the nipple W or is in slight contacttherewith, without exerting a substantial pressure thereon. The nipple Whas its natural shape, uninfluenced by external forces.

In the situation according to FIG. 2 b , a temporally approximatelyconstant negative pressure has been applied via the first vacuumconnection 2 by means of the vacuum pump. It can remain constantthroughout the subsequent pumping operation or be adapted as stipulatedby the mother or a controller of the vacuum pump, but be constant againfor a subsequent period until the next adaptation. However, it can alsochange cyclically, wherein the cycle time is very long, for example oneor more minutes. Alternatively or in addition, the mean value of thecycle can also vary.

As can be readily seen in FIG. 2 b , the main body 40 of the flexibleinner part 4 is pulled inward toward the longitudinal center axis L onaccount of the negative pressure prevailing in the inner chamber 5. Thenipple W is contacted and firmly enclosed. The retaining means 43prevent the nipple W from being pulled excessively lengthwise at thesame time, however. Preferably, the possible lengthening of the nipple Wis only a few percent, for example less than 20%.

In the situation according to FIG. 2 c , the constant negative pressurehas continued to be maintained in the inner chamber 5. Via the secondvacuum connection 3, a pulsating negative pressure has simultaneouslybeen applied in the outer chamber 6, it being possible for saidpulsating negative pressure to additionally have a positive pressurecomponent. Preferably, the applied negative pressure moves between amaximum negative pressure and atmospheric pressure, however, or evenexhibits a continuously present basic vacuum. The second maximumnegative pressure is preferably greater than the first maximum negativepressure in terms of absolute value, i.e. the outer chamber 6 isevacuated more than the inner chamber 5.

As a result of the application of the pulsating negative pressure in theouter chamber 6, the main body 40 of the flexible inner part 4 is pulledoutward again and away from the longitudinal center axis L of the breastshield. The main body can relax again and bulges outward again. Thismassaging effect has the result that the nipple W relaxes again and thenatural milk ducts of the nipple W widen.

Milk flows out of the nipple W into the inner chamber 5 in this thirdsituation. Depending on the embodiment of the breast shield, there canbe a further connection which is connected to a milk collectioncontainer directly or via a line. In this embodiment, the milk flowsthrough the first vacuum connection 2 to the breastpump and from thereinto the milk collection container. In other words, the vacuum line forthe constant negative pressure serves simultaneously as a milk line.

As a result of the application of the constant pressure in the innerchamber 5 and the pulsating pressure in the outer chamber 6, the methodaccording to the invention can be carried out, said method relaxing thenipple W and preferably pulling it outward and as a result opening thenatural milk ducts. However, this breast shield can also be used inother methods, for example in that the inner chamber 5 is subjected to apulsating, i.e. cyclically changing negative pressure and the outerchamber 6 is subjected to a pulsating and/or a constant pressure,depending on the variant. This results in a massaging effect. The samealso goes for the breast shields described in the following text.

FIGS. 3 a and 3 b illustrate a second embodiment of a breast shieldaccording to the invention. The basic structure of the breast shield isthe same as in the first exemplary embodiment and therefore will not beexplained in more detail here. The rigid or semirigid breast shield body1, in which the flexible inner part 4 is arranged, is once againpresent. The first vacuum connection leads into the inner chamber 5 andthe second vacuum connection 3 leads into the outer chamber 6. The outerchamber 6 encircles the outer side of the flexible inner part 4. Theinner wall of the main body 40 is configured in a smooth manner in thisillustration. In other variants, it is likewise provided with retainingelements 43, for example with ribs. A constant negative pressure isagain preferably applied in the inner chamber 5 and a pulsating negativepressure that exceeds the latter in terms of magnitude is present in theouter chamber 6. In other words, here too, the method according to theinvention can be applied, in which the lengthening of the nipple W islimited and the nipple W is massaged by means of the flexible inner part4 and optionally radially stretched as a result of the negative pressurein the outer chamber 6.

FIG. 3 a shows the situation in which no negative pressure has beenapplied or a negative pressure has been applied in both chambers 5, 6.FIG. 3 b shows the situation when a negative pressure has been appliedonly in the inner chamber 5 or said negative pressure predominates atleast in terms of magnitude.

It is clear from FIG. 3 b how the main body 40 has been pulled inwardtoward the longitudinal center axis L of the breast shield, wherein themain body 40 partially or entirely closes the passage formed between thebreast-side end of the breast shield and the pump-side end of the breastshield. In FIG. 3 b , it is not yet completely closed. The closure 44preferably takes place immediately in front of the free end of thenipple W, such that the latter is prevented from extending further inthe longitudinal direction by the closure 44. The closure 44 thus formsa retaining means for the nipple W.

In this embodiment, too, the inner side of the main body 40 can beprovided either with a smooth surface or with additional retainingmeans.

This embodiment preferably has at least one, preferably two sensors 7,7′. The first sensor 7 is arranged in line with the nipple W, in thiscase in the cover 11, and measures along the longitudinal center axis Lof the breast shield. It detects the position of the tip of the nipple Wand of the closure 44. The second sensor 7′ is arranged radially withrespect to the main body 40 of the flexible inner part 4 and detects theradial movement of the main body 40. Both sensors 7, 7′ are preferablyoptical sensors. Instead of a single second sensor 7′, it is alsopossible for a plurality of sensors 7′ that are arranged in a mannerdistributed around the circumference of the breast shield to be used.

With the aid of these two sensors 7, 7′, the position of the closure 40and the change of the nipple W can be determined. These sensors 7, 7′are preferably connected to an optical and/or acoustic display and/or toa controller of the breastpump. In accordance with these measurementsignals, the pumping parameters, for example the pumping frequencyand/or the vacuum level can be altered such that the closure 44 comes torest at an optimal point for the particular size of the nipple W andthus can optimally limit the stretching of the nipple W in thelongitudinal direction.

FIGS. 4 a to 4 d illustrate a third embodiment of the breast shieldaccording to the invention. The breast shield body 1 is configured herein one piece and again has the two connections 2 and 3 and the innerchamber 5 and the outer chamber 6. The flexible inner part 4 has beenfitted over the two end faces of the breast shield body 1 and held inthis way. The main body 40 of the flexible inner part is configured in asubstantially hollow-cylindrical manner, wherein it transitions at itsbreast-side end into an outwardly directed, encircling andself-contained arch 400. This arch 400 can have the same wall thicknessas the cylindrical part of the main body 40. However, it can also beembodied in a thickened manner. The main body 40 can have been producedin a multicomponent injection-molding process, in particular in atwo-component injection-molding process.

The encircling breast-side flange of the flexible inner part 4 isdirected outward and in turn forms the encircling, self-containedapplication region 41 for application to the nipple W or the adjoiningareola. The application region 41 is preferably embodied in a thickenedmanner. Preferably, it is relatively soft, in a similar manner to anencircling pad.

The inner chamber 5 is again subjected to a constant vacuum, and apulsating, in particular cyclically changing vacuum is applied to theouter chamber 6.

In FIG. 4 a , the breast shield is illustrated in the basic state beforeit is placed on the breast. In FIG. 4 b , the breast shield has beenpositioned on the nipple W and encloses the latter. In this case, thefree end of the nipple W is received in the hollow-cylindrical part ofthe main body 40. This part can also have some other shape. For example,it can be frustoconical.

In FIG. 4 c , the inner chamber 5 is subjected to the constant pressure.The main body 40 of the flexible inner part is pulled toward thelongitudinal center axis L of the breast shield, the arch 400 changesits shape and the main body 40 again forms a closure 44. As a result,the nipple W is again prevented from extending longitudinally without itbeing exposed to excessive external forces. If the pulsating vacuum isnow applied to the interior space of the outer chamber 6, the main body40 moves at least partially back outward radially and at least partiallyfrees the nipple W again. In this case, the arch 400 changes its shape,but preferably fits on the nipple W throughout the pumping operation andsurrounds the latter. Preferably, the arch 400 is configured in such asoft and flexible manner that it does not produce any pressure points onthe nipple W. As a result, the flow of milk is not impeded.

The movement of the arch 400 on the nipple 4 and/or on the areolaresults in the nipple W being massaged and stimulated and thus inincreased milk output. The continuous fitting of the arch 400 can beensured for example in that the magnitude of the applied constant vacuumis higher than the magnitude of the pulsating vacuum throughout thecycle.

The embodiment according to FIGS. 5 a and 5 b is optimally usable inparticular for mothers with very low milk production, in particularmothers of premature infants. Here too, the parts already explainedabove are not described again in detail. The applied pressures arepreferably as described above. In addition to the arch 400 thatpreferably fits continuously on the nipple W, a pocket 46 for receivingindividual milk drops is provided. The pocket 46 is preferablyconfigured so as to encircle the breast shield such that it does nothave any influence on the rotational position of the breast shield onthe nipple W. Pumped-out milk which is not suctioned through the milkduct, or, depending on the embodiment, through the first vacuumconnection 2, is collected in this pocket 46. When the breast shield isremoved after the nipple W has been pumped, this additional milk isretained in the pocket 46 and can likewise be collected and used. Inthis way, no drop of the precious breastmilk is lost.

FIGS. 6 a to 6 d show a further embodiment of the breast shieldaccording to the invention, which is preferably operated with a constantinternal pressure and a pulsating external pressure.

In this embodiment, the flexible inner part 4 is fitted at its pump-sideend over a connection piece 12 which forms the first vacuum connection2. The main body 40 transitions here on the breast side into an archwhich forms a contacting region 45. This contacting region 45 contactsthe nipple W preferably throughout the pumping operation, wherein thecontacting region 45 preferably fits on the nipple W around the entirecircumference of the latter as in the previous example.

In FIG. 6 a , the breast shield is illustrated in the basic state. Theinside diameter of the main body 40 is preferably the same as or lessthan the diameter of a smallest nipple W or of a nipple W in question.

In FIG. 6 b , the breast shield has been placed on the nipple W, whereina constant negative pressure has been applied in the outer chamber 6 butnot in the inner chamber 5. As a result, the main body 40 of theflexible inner part 4 has moved radially outward. The inner chamber 5,which serves to receive the nipple W, has reached its maximum volume. Asa result, the breast shield can be fitted easily over the nipple W. Thisis advantageous in particular in the case of sensitive or inflamednipples W.

Subsequently, as illustrated in FIG. 6 c , a negative pressure isgenerated in the inner chamber 5 and preferably the absolute value ofthe negative pressure in the outer chamber 6 is reduced, set toatmospheric pressure or even raised to a positive pressure. As a result,the main body 40 is pulled toward the longitudinal center axis L of thebreast shield and toward the nipple W. The application region 45encloses the nipple W and fits on the latter around the entirecircumference. In the end region of the nipple W, the closure 44 isagain formed. The effective pumping operation can now begin.

This is illustrated in FIG. 6 d . Via the first connection 2, a constantvacuum has been applied to the inner chamber 5, and via the connection3, a pulsating, preferably higher vacuum in terms of magnitude has beenapplied.

During the pumping operation, the shape of the flexible inner part 4changes from the shape according to FIG. 6 d to the shape according toFIG. 6 c and back. Pumping takes place in FIG. 6 d and massaging andstimulation take place in FIG. 6 c.

The breast shield can be removed easily and painlessly once the pumpingoperation has been completed, when the situation according to FIG. 6 bis brought about again by means of the applied pressures.

This embodiment has the further advantage that the flexible inner part 4does not have any wrinkles or creases and that the flexible inner part 4can be brought to the optimal fit with regard to the individual nipple Wmerely by a change in pressure upon application of the breast shield tothe breast.

The embodiment according to FIGS. 7 a to 7 d differs from the aboveessentially in that, in addition to the outer chamber 6, a furtherencircling outer closed cavity 410 is formed, which can also besubjected to pressure. Accordingly, two second connections 3, 30 areprovided. This is achieved, in this embodiment, in that the flexibleinner part 4 has a circumferential partition wall 47 which subdividesthe region between the rigid or semirigid breast shield body 1 and theflexible inner part 4 into two regions. Preferably, this partition wall47 is configured such that it is connected or is connectable around itsentire circumference to a correspondingly protruding or recessedcounterpart on the inner wall of the breast shield body 1.

The outer chamber 6 remote from the breast is again used to move themain body 40 of the flexible inner part 4, analogously to the examplesalready described above. The inflatable cavity 410 close to the breastforms an encircling inflatable pad for the application region 41.

In FIG. 7 a , the breast shield is illustrated in the basic state. Theinside diameter of the breast receiving region of the flexible innerpart 4 is preferably the same as or greater than the diameter of anipple W.

In FIG. 7 b , it has been applied to the nipple W. A constant positivepressure is applied to the cavity 410 close to the breast via the secondconnection 30, in order that the cavity 410 expands and a pumped-upencircling pad is formed which fits on the nipple W and/or on theareola. The nipple W is in this case received in the flexible inner part4, wherein it is slightly compressed

According to FIG. 7 b , the positive pressure in the pad, i.e. in thecavity 410 is now reduced. Preferably, atmospheric pressure or anegative pressure is generated in this cavity 410. As a result, thenipple W can relax again and shorten in terms of length. However, itcontinues to be held in the flexible inner part 4 such that the lattercontacts the nipple W around its entire circumference.

The pumping operation, which is illustrated in FIG. 7 d , subsequentlybegins. A constant negative pressure is generated in the inner chamber 5via the first vacuum connection 2. A pulsating negative pressure isgenerated in the outer chamber 6 close to the pump and thus remote fromthe breast via the second vacuum connection 3. This in turn results inmassaging and stimulation of the nipple W and in milk output.

FIGS. 8 a to 8 f illustrate a further embodiment of a breast shieldaccording to the invention. This simulates the conditions in the mouthof an infant.

The rigid or semirigid breast shield body is again provided with thereference sign 1. Again, it has a first vacuum connection 2 for applyinga constant pressure, in particular a vacuum, in an inner chamber 5. Asecond vacuum connection 3 for applying a pulsating negative pressureleads to an outer chamber 6. The nipple W is received in the innerchamber 5 as in the above-described exemplary embodiments.

Arranged in the breast shield body 1 is a flexible inner part 8, whichis now no longer formed in one piece, as in the previous examples.Instead, it has an upper part 80, 81, 82, which imitates the palate ofthe infant, and a lower part 84, which imitates the tongue of the infantand thus forms a tongue part. Both parts 80, 81, 82, 84 are preferablyconnected firmly to the breast shield body 1, wherein they are movablerelative to the latter in order to vary the size of the inner and outerchambers 5, 6. The lower part 84 bounds the outer chamber 6 togetherwith an adjacent region of the breast shield body 1. The upper part 80,81, 82 bounds the inner chamber 5 together with an adjacent region ofthe breast shield body 1 and with the lower part 84.

The upper part has an end face 82 directed toward the breast, said faceserving as an application region for sealing application to the nipple Wor the areola. The lower part 84 has a corresponding counterpart which,as an application region, bears the reference numeral 41.

The upper region 80, 81, 82 can consist of regions with differenthardnesses in that the materials are chosen in an appropriate manner. Itcan be formed in one or more pieces. In this example, it is formed intwo pieces, wherein the application region 82 close to the breast andthe first region 81 adjoining the latter are configured to be harderthan the second region 80 remote from the breast. The second region 80forms the rear palate part and the first region 81 forms the frontpalate part. The rear palate part 80 is accordingly formed in adownwardly curved manner and, depending on position, bounds or closesthe inner chamber 5 toward the first vacuum connection 2. The front andthe rear palate part 81, 80 adjoin one another and are connected to oneanother.

In the upper region between the breast shield body 1 and the two palateparts 80, 81, a setting element 83 is held so as to be slidable in thelongitudinal direction of the breast shield. By means of this settingelement 83, the hardness of the palate can be varied in that itsposition is varied with respect to the two palate parts 80, 81. In FIG.8 a , it is located in the region remote from the breast exclusivelyover the softer rear palate part 80 and has an influence on the behaviorof the breast shield during the pumping operation. In the other figures,the setting part 83 has been pushed closer to the breast and also coversa part of the front palate part 81. The covered region is thus stiffenedand its movement restricted. The behavior of the flexible inner part 8during the pumping operation is influenced. The arrows directedvertically downward in FIGS. 8 a to 8 e show the position of the settingelement 83.

FIG. 8 f illustrates a possible embodiment of such a setting element 83.It is a portion of a rigid hollow cylinder. Other shapes are possible.Furthermore, rather than being slid, the setting part 83 can also bemoved into the corresponding position by other types of movement.Instead of a mechanical setting element 83, the palate parts can also beformed in a hollow manner and their rigidity can be varied byapplication of a positive pressure.

In FIG. 8 a , the breast shield is illustrated again in the basic statewhen not in use. In FIG. 8 b , the breast shield is fitted over thenipple W such that the nipple W is received between the two palate parts80, 81 and the tongue part 84.

According to FIG. 8 c , a constant negative pressure is subsequentlyapplied to the inner chamber 5 and a pulsating negative pressure isapplied under the tongue part 84, i.e. in the outer chamber 6.

The nipple W is massaged and stimulated in a similar manner to in amouth of an infant, wherein, here too, although longitudinal extensionof the nipple W with respect to the second vacuum connection 2 does takeplace, it is limited. This limiting takes place substantially as aresult of the downwardly curved shape of the rear palate part 80. Themilk flowing out of the nipple W is indicated by dots in the figures andillustrated by an arrow. This embodiment can, like those that havealready been described, be combined with one or more of theabove-described sensors 7, 7′ for detecting the nipple W and theclosure.

FIG. 9 illustrates a variant of pressure application. In this case, abreast shield is provided in which the negative pressure is applied inthe outer chamber 6 such that it rotates temporally through 360°. In thesituation according to FIG. 9 , the pressure of the flexible inner part4 is currently acting on the nipple W from below. This is demonstratedby the straight arrow illustrated with solid lines. The dashed arrowsshow that the pressure acting on the nipple W rotates about thelongitudinal center axis L of the breast shield and that rotatingmassage and stimulation of the nipple W thus take place. This can beachieved easily by a corresponding configuration, e.g. by subdivision ofthe outer chamber 6.

FIGS. 10 a to 10 e illustrate a breastpump unit according to theinvention. As can clearly be seen in FIG. 10 a , it has a rigid mainbody 1′, a flexible breast shield 4′ and a milk collection container 9.The breast shield 4′ and the milk collection container 9 are formed inone piece with one another and jointly form a flexible element. Theflexible element is produced from a soft material, for example fromsilicone. The wall thickness of the flexible element is relatively thin;preferably, it is similar to a membrane or film.

The flexible element forms a bag having an opening, the shape of whichis suitable for fitting in a sealing manner on the breast withoutforming creases. Preferably, the opening is round, elliptical or oval.The edge of the opening is preferably reinforced, for example with acord insert or by a thickened configuration. This reinforced edge formsthe application region 41 of the breast shield 4′, which fits on thebreast in a sealing manner during use. The front region of the bag thatis close to the breast thus forms the breast shield 4′ having theflexible main body 40 and the application region 41. The rear regionthat is remote from the breast forms the milk collection container 9. Atleast one pocket 49 and preferably a plurality of pockets 49 are formedin the central region of the flexible element. A rigid or elastic ring90 is preferably provided, which encloses the ends of the pockets 49that are remote from the breast.

The main body 1′ is readily discernible in FIG. 10 a . It is formed inan annular manner and has a central passage opening 14. Distributedaround this central passage opening 14 are a plurality of flexibletongues 15 in the form of leaf springs, the free ends of which aredirected toward the central passage opening 14 and which pass throughthe central passage opening 14. The flexible tongues 15 are fastened tothe main body 1′ by pins 18. In the region close to the pins, the springtongues 15 are supported on the wall inner side, remote from the breast,of the main body 1′ by means of coil springs 16. This is clearlydiscernible in FIG. 10 e . Also fastened to each flexible tongue 15 is aline 17 or cord which is likewise guided through the central passageopening 14 or, as illustrated here, through a separate opening 14′ (seeFIG. 10 d ). An individual separate opening 14′ can be provided for eachline 17. These lines 17 and separate openings 14′ are not illustrated inFIG. 10 a.

The coil springs 16 can be arranged between the lines 17 and the pins18, as is illustrated in FIGS. 10 d to 10 f . However, it is alsopossible to arrange the lines 17 between the pins 18 and the coilsprings 16, as is the case in FIG. 10 g.

The assembly of this breastpump unit according to the invention and itsmode of operation can be explained readily with reference to FIGS. 10 cto 10 f . In FIG. 10 c , the one-piece flexible element is illustrated,which forms the breast shield 4′ with the milk collection bag 9. Inpractice, it is not used or applied to the breast as such on its own.However, the figure makes it easier to understand the invention. Thebreast shield preferably surrounds not only the nipple W but also thesurrounding breast tissue B. It is preferably applied to the breasttissue B in a sealing manner. The flexible element is in this caseapplied to the nipple W such that the pockets 49 are located in theregion of the nipple. Preferably, they project beyond the end of thenipple W.

In FIG. 10 d , the entire breast shield unit, as is placed on the nippleW in practice, is now discernible. The flexible element passes throughthe main body 1′, wherein the flexible tongues 15 are pushed into thepockets 49 of the flexible element and are held therein. The lines 17are illustrated in a shortened manner. They usually end together in atensioning device (not illustrated here) which is preferably manuallyoperable. The tensioning device is for example a knob or rod to whichall of the lines 17 are fastened and which can be held in the hand. Itcan alternatively be configured for example in the form of a slider,part of a housing which is likewise not illustrated here.

In the position according to FIG. 10 d , the nipple W is enclosed andslightly compressed by the flexible tongues 15. Since the flexibletongues 15 are inclined toward one another toward the free end of thenipple W, the longitudinal extension of the nipple W is limited. In thisinitial state before the milk is pumped out, the milk collectioncontainer 9 is compressed. There is no air in the milk collectioncontainer 9. The region in front of the nipple W, formed by the flexibletongues 15, is the inner chamber 5.

In FIG. 10 e , the pumping operation has begun. By pulling on the lines17, the flexible tongues 15 can be raised counter to the force of thecoil springs 16. The nipple W is freed at its circumference and canextend and relax. Milk flows out of the nipple W into the inner chamber5 as a result. The milk is illustrated by dots in the figures andprovided with the reference sign M. By reducing the tension on the lines17, the flexible tongues 15 are lowered again and massage the nipple W.As a result, the extracted milk M is additionally pushed into the milkcollection container 9. By repeated tensing and releasing of the lines17, i.e. by repeated raising and lowering of the flexible tongues 15,the nipple W is massaged and stimulated. Upon releasing, the naturalmilk ducts widen, and milk can be extracted optimally and without anexternal source of suction.

The milk collection container 9 can already be supplied as an airvoidflexible tube by the manufacturer. FIG. 10 g illustrates a possibilityas to how it is possible to ensure, prior to use, that the milkcollection container 9 is airvoid. The main body is provided with acover 11 which, for the one part, receives the lines 17. For the otherpart, a pressing lever 19 is movable therein. The pressing lever 19 isconnected to an extension 111 of the main body 1′ via a hinge 190. Theextension 111 and the pressing lever 19 together form a receptacle forthe milk collection container 9. If the pressing lever 19 is now pressedin the direction of the extension 111, the milk collection container 9is compressed and any residual air remaining therein is pressed out viathe breast shield 4′. During the extraction of the breastmilk, thepressing lever 19 is subsequently freed again.

FIG. 11 illustrates a further embodiment of the breast shield accordingto the invention. One of the above-described breast shields or a breastshield of known type can be used for this. The breast shield body 1 isillustrated only schematically here. It can have some other shape andsize. In particular, it can also receive a larger region of the breasttissue, like the known conventional breast shields.

According to the invention, the breast shield is provided with airoutlet openings 110 through which air flows actively in the direction ofthe breast. In other words, the breast is blown on through the breastshield. An exhaust of the breastpump unit can be used for example as acorresponding fan or the fan can be a blower or ventilator which isarranged on or in the breast shield body. Other types are possible toform the fan in order to generate an airstream.

In FIG. 11 , purely schematically, an attachment 100 has been placed onthe breast shield body 1, wherein the attachment 100 has the air outletopenings 110 for blowing air on the breast. Preferably, the air outletopenings are located only in a subregion of the circumference of thebreast shield, in order to simulate a nose of the infant.

FIGS. 12 a and 12 b illustrate a further embodiment of the breast shieldaccording to the invention in two variants. It again has a breast shieldbody 1 and a flexible inner part 4 having an application region 41. Thebreast shield again surrounds at most the nipple W and the areola. Thenipple W is enclosed tightly by the main body 40 of the flexible innerpart 4.

In the embodiment according to FIG. 12 a , a temporally constant orapproximately constant vacuum is applied via the first vacuum connection2 in the inner chamber 5 into which the milk flows. Via the secondvacuum connection 3, a pulsating vacuum is applied in the outer chamber6, which surrounds the nipple W. The nipple W is massaged and thenatural milk ducts open and close during the pumping operation.

In the embodiment according to FIG. 12 b , a pulsating vacuum is appliedvia the first vacuum connection 2 and a temporally constant orapproximately constant vacuum is applied via the second vacuumconnection 3. In this way, the natural milk ducts are kept openthroughout the pumping operation, since the nipple W is pulled radiallyoutward on account of the negative pressure in the outer chamber 6. Themain body 40 of the inner part 4 has one or more interruptions 40′ inthe embodiment according to FIG. 12 b.

In both embodiments according to FIGS. 12 a and 12 b , the nipple W isenclosed annularly by the main body 40 of the flexible inner part, whichfirmly encloses the nipple W like a mouth of an infant.

FIG. 13 schematically illustrates a breastpump unit as can be used withthe abovementioned breast shields, apart from the embodiment accordingto FIGS. 10 a to 10 g . It has the breast shield, in this case havingthe breast shield body 1. The first vacuum connection 2 of the breastshield body 1 is connected to a vacuum pump 200 by a first vacuum line21. The vacuum pump 200 can have one or more pumping units and a controlunit 201. If sensors are provided in the breast shield, the sensor unitreceives the data from the sensors and accordingly controls the at leastone pumping unit.

The second vacuum connection 3 is likewise connected to the vacuum pump200 via a second vacuum line 31. A milk line 91 leads from the vacuumpump to the milk collection container 9. As set out above, in all thebreast shields described, apart from the embodiment according to FIGS.10 a to 10 g , a separate milk connection can lead from the innerchamber 5 to a milk collection container either directly or via a line.However, it is also possible, as illustrated here, to use the firstvacuum connection 2 as the milk connection and to conduct the milkthrough the first vacuum line to the breastpump or to an upstreamchamber and from there into the milk collection container 9 directly orvia a milk line 91. Alternative paths for the extracted milk are alsopossible.

The inventive concepts are not limited to the above-describedembodiments. These should be considered to be purely schematic in orderto understand the basic principles of the invention. These basicprinciples can also be realized with other mechanical means. Most of thebreast shields presented here fit closely on the nipple around theentire circumference and, on account of the selected pressurization, arecollapsible at a well-defined point in an actively controlled manner. Asa result, the nipple is prevented from extending in the longitudinaldirection. By contrast, radial extension of the nipple is promoted. Thestimulation of the nipple takes place in practice in a mechanical mannerby frictional and shear forces in all of the breast shields illustratedhere. The milk ducts are kept open for as long as possible. The breastshields themselves can be configured in a relatively small manner, suchthat they are also usable as hand-free solutions. In addition, they donot irritate the breast, since they only enclose the nipple and at mostalso the areola.

The method according to the invention, the breastpump units according tothe invention and the breast shields according to the invention allow amaximum pumping performance and a minimum pumping duration per pumpingsession.

LIST OF REFERENCE SIGNS 1 Breast shield body 1′ Main body 10 Base 100Attachment 110 Air outlet openings 111 Extension 11 Cover 12 Connectionpiece 14 Passage opening 14′ Separate opening 15 Flexible tongue 16 Coilspring 17 Line 18 Pin 19 Pressing lever 190 Hinge 2 First vacuumconnection 21 First vacuum line 200 Vacuum pump 201 Control unit 3Second vacuum connection 30 Third vacuum connection 31 Second vacuumline 4 Flexible inner part 4′ Breast shield 40 Main body 40′Interruption 400 Arch 41 Application region 410 Cavity 42 Fasteningflange 43 Retaining element 44 Closure 440 Arch 45 Contacting region 46Pocket 47 Partition wall 49 Receiving pocket 5 Inner chamber 6 Outerchamber 7 First sensor 7′ Second sensor 8 Flexible inner part 80 Rearpalate part 81 Front palate part 82 Application region 83 Settingelement 84 Tongue part 9 Milk collection container 90 Ring 91 Milk lineB Breast M Milk W Nipple W_(N) Average nipple W_(K) Small nipple W_(G)Large nipple L Longitudinal center axis

What is claimed is:
 1. A breast shield of a breastpump unit forexpression of human breastmilk, wherein the breastpump unit has a vacuumpump for generating pressures, wherein the breast shield has anapplication region for sealing application to the human breast and aninner chamber having a receiving region for receiving a nipple (W) ofthe breast, wherein the inner chamber is configured in a conical mannerover an entire receiving region.
 2. The breast shield as claimed inclaim 1, wherein the inner chamber has an inner wall which is equippedwith retaining means for retaining the nipple (W) during the pumpingoperation.
 3. A breast shield according to claim 1, wherein the breastshield has at least one outer chamber which at least partially surroundsthe nipple (W), wherein the inner chamber is configured to be subjectedto a first pressure by the vacuum pump and the at least one outerchamber is configured to be subjected to at least one second pressure bythe vacuum pump, wherein the first pressure is an approximatelytemporally constant pressure and the at least one second pressure is apulsating pressure.
 4. The breast shield as claimed in claim 3, whereinthe breast shield has a flexible inner part which subdivides the breastshield into the inner chamber and the at least one outer chamber, andwherein the flexible inner part is able to be subjected to the firstpressure from the inside and to the at least one second pressure fromthe outside.
 5. The breast shield as claimed in claim 4, wherein theflexible inner part is a flexible insert which is connected one offixedly or releasably to one of a rigid or semirigid breast shield body.6. A breast shield according to claim 1, wherein the inner chamber has alongitudinal axis (L), wherein the inner chamber collapses in accordancewith an applied pressure, and wherein the breast shield is provided withat least one sensor for determining the position with regard to thelongitudinal axis (L) at which the inner chamber collapses.
 7. Thebreast shield as claimed in claim 1 wherein the application region endsin an encircling, soft and sealing pad on the breast side.
 8. The breastshield as claimed in claim 7, wherein the pad has an encirclinginflatable cavity.
 9. The breast shield as claimed in claim 1, whereinthe breast shield has a receiving pocket on the breast side forcollecting breastmilk drops when the breast shield is removed.
 10. Thebreast shield as claimed in claim 9, wherein the breast shield has aflexible inner part which forms the application region for sealingapplication to the human breast and an inner chamber for receiving anipple (W) of the breast, wherein the pocket is formed in the flexibleinner part.
 11. The breast shield as claimed in claim 1, wherein theinner chamber is bounded by an outer region which is formed in anasymmetrical manner, and in that at least one subregion of the outerregion has an outer chamber, the inner side of which is able to besubjected to a pressure.
 12. The breast shield as claimed in claim 1,wherein the breast shield also has a fan which blows air in thedirection of the breast.